Analysis of barriers of sustainable 4D printing using Grey TOPSIS approach

The adoption of sustainable 4D printing in automotive component manufacturing industry helps to produce environmentally conscious critical components. This article introduces the study which 18 barriers were identified through expert consultation and literature review. analysed against six criteria, namely, Build Time (C1), Accuracy (C2), Customization (C3), Carbon Footprint (C4), Material Utilization (C5) Complexity (C6) using Grey Technique for Order Preference by Similarity Ideal Solution (G-TOPSIS) approach. Experts’ inputs gathered derive relative importance each barrier criterion form value. Using G-TOPSIS approach, priority order is achieved. Based on findings, significant are found be ‘Improper disposal strategy (B18)’, ‘Lack interaction between smart materials 3D technology (B8)’ Smart compatible with AM technologies (B10)’. facilitated practitioners meticulously examine improving production efficiency.